Gestação e papilomavírus humano (HPV)
vias de transmissão e complicações
Palavras-chave:
Gravidez, papillomaviridae, papillomavirus humano, transmissão, condiloma acuminadoResumo
Introdução: Dentre as doenças que acometem as gestantes, temos a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). A principal via de transmissão do HPV é o contato sexual. Há, entretanto, crescentes evidências de que a infecção pelo HPV é adquirida por meio de vias não sexuais, como a transmissão vertical. A complicação mais temida é a papilomatose juvenil nos recém-nascidos (RNs). Objetivo: Avaliar as vias de transmissão do HPV em gestantes e as possíveis complicações dessa infecção para o RN. Metodologia: Pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados: Lilacs, PubMed, Embase e Cochrane Library. Descritores: gravidez, Papillomaviridae, Papillomavírus humano, transmissão e condiloma acuminado. O critério de escolha foi selecionar artigos que tivessem como enfoque a gestação e a infecção pelo HPV. Resultados e discussão: A transmissão não sexual do HPV ocorre de diversas formas, como contato com pele e mucosas, autoinoculação, fômites ou no período perinatal. A transmissão perinatal pode ocorrer no canal do parto, na cesariana por infecção ascendente, transmissão na fertilização de espermatozoides ou transplacentária, além da amamentação. A infecção traz complicações como parto precoce, aborto e papilomatose juvenil. Conclusão: Embora o mecanismo clássico da contaminação seja a passagem no canal de parto, outras vias de transmissão podem ocorrer desde o período pré, peri e pós-natal. Não está estabelecido se o HPV detectado ao nascimento causa infecção persistente ou transitória. Por isso, as gestantes devem ser orientadas quanto as diferentes vias de transmissão e sobre as possíveis complicações nos RNs.
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