Circumstances and factors associated with accidental deaths among children, adolescents and young adults in Cuiabá, Brazil
Keywords:
Accidents, Child, Risk factors, Mortality, EpidemiologyAbstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Analysis on accidents from the perspective of population segments shows there is higher incidence among children, adolescents and young adults. Since the characteristics and circunstances of the event are closely related to educational, economic, social and cultural issues, identifying them may contribute towards minimizing the causes, which are often fatal. The aim here was to identify the environmental, chemical, biological and cultural factors associated with deaths due to accidents among children, adolescents and young adults in Cuiabá, in 2009. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. RESULTS: Thirty-nine accidental deaths of individuals aged 0 to 24 years were examined: 56.4% due to traffic accidents; 25.6%, drowning; 10.3%, aspiration of milk; 5.1%, falls; and 2.6%, accidentally triggering a firearm. Male victims predominated (82.1%). The presence of chemical, environmental and biological risk factors was observed in almost all of the homes. Regarding cultural factors and habits, a large proportion of the families had no idea whether accidents were foreseeable events and others did not believe that the family’s habits might favor their occurrence. Delegation of household chores or care of younger siblings to children under the age of 10 was common among the families studied. CONCLUSION: The results point towards the need to have safe and healthy behavioral patterns and environments, and to monitor occurrences of accidents, thereby structuring and consolidating the attendance provided for victims.
Downloads
References
O impacto dos acidentes e violências nos gastos da saúde [Impact of accidents and violence on health costs]. Rev Saude Publica. 2006;40(3):553-6.
Pickett W, Molcho M, Simpson K, et al. Cross national study of injury and social determinants in adolescents. Inj Prev. 2005;11(4):213-8.
Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, et al. Conclusions and recommendations. In: Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, et al (eds.). World report on child injury prevention. World Health Organization. Geneva; 2008. p. 145-55. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241563574_eng.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Indicadores de mortalidade. Ficha de qualificação. Comentários. Taxa de mortalidade específica por causas externas. Available from: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?idb2010/c09.def. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Mascarenhas MDM, Silva MMA, Malta DC, et al. Atendimentos de emergência por acidentes na Rede de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes: Brasil, 2006 [Unintentional injuries at the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System: Brazil, 2006]. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2009;14(5):1657-68.
Gilbride SJ, Wild C, Wilson DR, Svenson LW, Spady DW. Socio-economic status and types of childhood injury in Alberta: a population based study. BMC Pediatr. 2006;6:30.
Martins CB, de Andrade SM, de Paiva PA. Envenenamentos acidentais entre menores de 15 anos em município da Região Sul do Brasil [Accidental poisoning among children and adolescents in a county in southern Brazil]. Cad Saude Publica. 2006;22(2):407-14.
Fraga AM, Fraga GP, Stanley C, Costantini TW, Coimbra R. Children at danger: injury fatalities among children in San Diego County. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(3):211-7.
Pearson J, Stone DH. Pattern of injury mortality by age-group in children aged 0-14 years in Scotland, 2002-2006, and its implications for prevention. BMC Pediatr. 2009;9:26.
Pinheiro Dantas MM, Cavalcante e Silva A, Almeida PC, Albuquerque Gurgel L. Caracterização dos acidentes de trânsito envolvendo crianças e adolescentes internados em um hospital público terciário [The characterization of traffic accidents involving children and adolescents admitted to a public tertiary hospital]. Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde. 2009;22(2):100-6. Available from: http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/408/40811734007.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Nonfatal and fatal drownings in recreational water settings - United States, 2001-2002. JAMA. 2004;292(2):164-6. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=199094. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18)
Martins CB, Andrade SM. Acidentes com corpo estranho em menores de 15 anos: análise epidemiológica dos atendimentos em pronto-socorro, internações e óbitos [Accidents with foreign bodies in children under 15 years of age: epidemiological analysis of first aid services, hospitalizations, and deaths]. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24(9):1983-90.
Million Death Study Collaborators, Bassani DG, Kumar R, et al. Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey. Lancet. 2010;376(9755):1853-60.
Driscoll T, Takala J, Steenland K, Corvalan C, Fingerhut M. Review of estimates of the global burden of injury and illness due to occupational exposures. Am J Ind Med. 2005;48(6):491-502.
Santana VS, Araújo-Filho JB, Silva M, et al. Mortalidade, anos potenciais de vida perdidos e incidência de acidentes de trabalho na Bahia, Brasil [Mortality, years of life lost, and incidence of occupational accidents in the State of Bahia, Brazil]. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2643-52.
Health and Safety Commission. Health and safety statistics 2004/05. Available from: http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/overall/hssh0405. pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Brasil. Presidência da República. Casa Civil. Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos. Decreto no 5.598, de 1o de dezembro de 2005. Regulamenta a contratação de aprendizes e dá outras providências. Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2005/Decreto/D5598.htm. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
American Academy of Pediatrics. A guide to safety counseling in office practice. Available from: http://www2.aap.org/family/TIPPGuide.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Brasil. Ministério das Cidades. Departamento Nacional de Trânsito (DENATRAN). Departamento Estadual de Trânsito (DETRAN). Código de Trânsito Brasileiro. Available from: http://www.denatran.gov.br/detran.htm. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Malta DC, Mascarenhas MDM, Silva MMA, Macário EM. Perfil dos atendimentos de emergência por acidentes envolvendo crianças menores de dez anos: Brasil, 2006 a 2007 [Profile of unintentional injuries involving children under ten years of age in emergency departments: Brazil, 2006 to 2007]. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2009;14(5):1669-79.
Bernal ML, Daza C, Rincón O. Modelo conceptual para identificar factores relevantes en la seguridad de los niños en los autobuses escolares [Conceptual model for identifying factors relevant to the safety of children in school buses]. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2010;27(6):423-34.
Souza VR, Cavenaghi S, Alves JED, Magalhães AFM. Análise espacial dos acidentes de trânsito com vítimas fatais: comparação entre o local de residência e de ocorrência do acidente no Rio de Janeiro [Spatial analysis of traffic accidents with fatal victims: comparing place of residence and place of occurrence in Rio de Janeiro]. Rev Bras Estud Popul. 2008;25(2):353-64.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Informe mundial sobre prevención de los traumatismos causados por el tránsito: resumen. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2004. Available from: http://www.paho.org/Spanish/DD/PUB/resumen_informe_mundial_traumatismos.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Gomes LP, Melo ECP. Distribuição da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito no município do Rio de Janeiro [Distribution of the mortality by traffic accidents in the city of Rio de Janeiro]. Esc Anna Nery Rev Enferm. 2007;11(2):289-95.
Espin Neto J, Soares JA, Uslar GDS, et al. Situação dos afogamentos em duas regiões do interior do estado de São Paulo [Drowning situation in two non-coastal regions of São Paulo State, Brazil]. Rev Ciênc Méd (Campinas). 2006;15(4):315-20.
Ma WJ, Nie SP, Xu HF, et al. An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:156.
Maranhão DG. O conhecimento para preservar a vida: um tema delicado [The knowledge to preserve life: a sensitive issue]. VERAS Revista Acadêmica de Educação do ISE Vera Cruz. 2011;1(2):255-
Available from: http://iseveracruz.edu.br/revistas/index.php/revistaveras/article/viewFile/56/40. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Giuffrida A, Iunes RF, Savedoff WD. Economic and health effects of occupational hazards in Latin America and the Caribbean.Washington: Inter-American Development Bank; 2001. Available from: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=353816. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Santana VS, Araújo-Filho JB, Albuquerque-Oliveira PR, Barbosa- Branco A. Acidentes de trabalho: custos previdenciários e dias de trabalho perdidos [Occupational accidents: social insurance costs and work days lost]. Rev Saude Publica. 2006;40(6):1004-12.
Nachif MCA. Homicide as a public health problem in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Psicol Soc. 2006;18(2):99-104.
Bernadá M, Assandri E, Cuadro MN, et al. Accidentes en la infancia: prevalencia, características y morbilidad determinada por los accidentes en una población de Uruguay [Childhood accidents: prevalence, characteristics and morbidity determined by accidents in the Uruguayan population]. Rev Méd Urug. 2010;26(4):224-37.
Alptekin F, Uskun E, Kisioglu AN, Ozturk M. Unintentional non- fatal home related injuries in Central Anatolia, Turkey: frequencies, characteristics, and outcomes. Injury. 2008;39(5):535-46.
United Nations Children’s Fund. A league table of child deaths by injury in rich nations. Innocenti Report Card. 2001;2. Available from: http://www.kindersicherheit.de/repcard2e.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Mintegi S, Fernández A, Alustiza J, et al. Emergency visits for childhood poisoning: a 2-year prospective multicenter survey in Spain. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006;22(5):334-8.
Werneck GL, Hasselmann MH. Intoxicações exógenas em crianças menores de seis anos atendidas em hospitais da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro [Profile of hospital admissions due to acute poisoning among children under 6 years of age in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2009;55(3):302-7.
Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, White S, et al. 1999 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):517-74.
Brasil. Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Redação. Projeto de Lei no 4.841, de 1994. Determina a utilização de Embalagem Especial de Proteção à Criança – EEPC em medicamentos e produtos químicos de uso doméstico que apresentem potencial de risco à saúde. Available from: http://www.camara.gov.br/sileg/integras/132437.pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Moreira C da S, Barbosa NR, Vieira R de C, et al. Análise retrospectiva das intoxicações admitidas no hospital universitário da UFJF no período 2000-2004 [A retrospective study of intoxications admitted to the university hospital/UFJF from 2000 to 2004]. Cien Saude Colet. 2010;15(3):879-88.
Bochner R. Perfil das intoxicações em adolescentes no Brasil no período de 1999 a 2001 [Profile of poisonings among Brazilian adolescents from 1999 to 2001]. Cad Saude Publica. 2006;22(3):587-95.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico Farmacológicas. Registros de intoxicação. Brasil - 2006. Available from:http://www.fiocruz.br/sinitox_novo/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?sid=111. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Salerno MR, Stein AT, Fiori RM. Situação sobre a prevenção de intoxicações exógenas em Ambulatório de Pediatria na década de
[Diagnosis of exogenous intoxication prevention in Pediatric Outpatient Clinic in the 1990’s]. Sci Med. 2008;18(2):66-74.
Garcia RSM, Baltar SLSMA. Registro e diagnóstico das intoxicações por plantas na cidade de Londrina (PR). Revista Brasileira de Biociências. 2007;5(supl. 1):901-2. Available from: http://www6.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/viewFile/65/771. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Pinto FGC, Tavares WM, Cardeal DD, et al. Traumatismo craniencefálico por mordida de cachorro [Craniocerebral injuries from dog bites]. Arq Neuro-psiquiatr. 2008;66(2b):397-9.
Amaral JJF, Paixão AC. Estratégias de prevenção de acidentes na criança e adolescente [Accident prevention - strategies for children and adolescents]. Revista de Pediatria. 2007;8(2):66-72. Available from: http://www.socep.org.br/Rped/pdf/8.2%20Resumo%20Art%20Rev. pdf. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
Morrongiello BA, Ondejko L, Littlejohn A. Understanding toddlers’ in- home injuries: II. Examining parental strategies, and their efficacy, for managing child injury risk. J Pediatr Psychol. 2004;29(6):433-46.
Vieira LJES, Araújo KL, Abreu RNDC, et al. Repercussões no contexto familiar de injúrias não-intencionais em crianças [The repercussion from unintentional injuries in children on the family context]. Acta Sci Health Sci. 2007;29(2):151-8.
Kosminsky EV, Santana JN. Crianças e jovens e o trabalho doméstico: a construção social do feminino. Sociedade e Cultura. 2006;9(2):227-36. Available from: http://www.revistas.ufg.br/index.php/fchf/article/viewFile/474/400. Accessed in 2012 (Sep 18).
