Translation and validation of the Brown attention-deficit disorder scale for use in Brazil
identifying cases of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder among samples of substance users and non-users. Cross-cultural validation study
Keywords:
Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, Mental disorders, Substance-related disorders, Psychiatry, ComorbidityAbstract
BACKGROUND: The Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) was developed as a self-report assessment that was designed to screen for presence of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective here was to translate and validate the adult self-report BADDS for use in Brazil.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-cultural validation study conducted in an addiction unit at a public university hospital. METHODS: This study included a control group (n = 100) and a drug-user group (n = 100). Both groups included subjects aged 18 to 60 years old. The control group had no prior diagnosis of drug addiction and the drug-user group included participants with a diagnosis of addiction. Each participant answered Brazilian Portuguese translations of both the BADDS and the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaires, in paper-and-pencil format. RESULTS: The drug-user group scored higher than the control group on both scales. The mean scores on ASRS were 27.26 (standard deviation, SD: 11.99) and 25.85 (SD: 8.65) respectively (P > 0.05). The mean scores on BADDS were 79.56 (SD: 29.61) and 79.31 (SD: 18.09), respectively (P > 0.05). Cronbach’s alpha for BADDS was 0.95. BADDS presented fair sensitivity (72% accuracy) and fair specificity (88% accuracy). CONCLUSION: This study provides discriminative validity evidence for use of BADDS among Brazilian adults with substance-use disorders.
Downloads
References
Searight HR, Burke JM, Rottnek F. Adult ADHD: evaluation and treatment in family medicine. Am Fam Physician. 2000;62(9):2077-86, 2091-2. PMID: 11087189.
Barkley RA, Fischer M, Smallish L, Fletcher K. The persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into young adulthood as a functional of reporting source and definition of disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2002;111(2):279-89. PMID: 12003449.
Barkley RA. ADHD: Long-term course adult outcome and comorbid disorders. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 1998 November 16-18. Maryland: National Institutes of Health Bethesda; 1998. p. 57-60. Available from: https://consensus.nih.gov/1998/1998attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder110program.pdf Accessed in 2017 (Dec 12).
Fayyad J, De Graaf R, Kessler R, et al. Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;190:402-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034389.
Remschmidt H; Global ADHD Working Group. Global consensus on ADHD/HKD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;14(3):127-37. doi: 10.1007/s00787-005-0439-x.
McGough JJ, Barkley RA. Diagnostic controversies in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(11):1948-56. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.1948.
Power TJ, Doherty BJ, Panichelli-Mindel SM, et al. The predictive validity of parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 1998;20(1):57-81. Available from: https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/A_Anastopoulos_Predictive_1998.pdf Accessed in 2017 (Dec 12).
Smith BH, Pelham WE Jr, Gnagy E, Molina B, Evans S. The reliability, validity, and unique contributions of self-report by adolescents receiving treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(3):489-99. PMID: 10883565.
McGough JJ, Smalley SL, McCracken JT, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings from multiplex families. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(9):1621-7. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1621.
Kessler RC, Adler LA, Barkley RA, et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(4):716-23. doi: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716.
Wilens TE, Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Spencer T. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with early onset substance use disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185(8):475-82. PMID: 9284860.
Wilens TE, Morrison NR. The intersection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2011;24(4):280-5. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328345c956.
Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales: Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1996.
Sandra Kooji JJ, Mariie Boonstra A, Swinkels SH, et al. Reliability, validity, and utility of instrumental for self-report and informant report concerning symptoms of ADHD in adult patients. J Atten Disord. 2008;11(4)445-58. doi: 10.1177/1087054707299367.
Brislin R, Lonner W, Thorndike R. Cross-cultural research methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1973.
Smit J, van den Berg CE, Bekker LG, Seedat S, Stein DJ. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a mental health battery in an African setting. Afr Health Sci. 2006;6(4):215-22. doi: 10.5555/afhs.2006.6.4.215.
Kessler RC, Adler LA, Gruber MJ, et al. Validity of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener in a representative sample of health plan members. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2007;16(2):52-65. doi: 10.1002/mpr.208.
Heo M, Kim N, Faith MS. Statistical power as a function of Cronbach alpha of instrument questionnaire items. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2015;15:86. doi: 10.1186/s12874-015-0070-6.
