Carotid intima-media thickness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
a narrative review
Keywords:
Carotid intima-media thickness, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular system, Risk factors, Cross-sectional studiesAbstract
BACKGROUND: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as measured by ultrasound, has been used in large studies as a non-invasive marker for subclinical atherosclerosis. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a cohort of 15,105 civil servants in six Brazilian cities that included CIMT evaluation in its baseline assessment. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide an overview of ELSA-Brasil CIMT articles published up to July 31, 2017. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review of ELSA-Brasil CIMT studies using baseline assessment data. METHODS: We searched PubMed for the terms “ELSA-Brasil” and “intima-media”. This search yielded 21 published articles using CIMT data from the ELSA-Brasil baseline assessment, which were included in this review. We also present information about intima-media thickness assessment from ongoing onsite reevaluations of the study participants. RESULTS: Most published studies focused on the association with traditional and novel cardiovascular riskfactors. Studies also presented information about the ELSA-Brasil CIMT protocol at baseline and CIMT value distribution in this large sample. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses on the ELSA-Brasil data led to important insights on CIMT interpretation and physiology. Besides the highlighted contributions which have already been made in this field, new data gathered during the ongoing third onsite assessment will enable investigation of substantially new research questions.
Downloads
References
Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, et al. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004-2006-2011). An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(4):290-6.
Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Barnes R, et al. Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134(3):250-6.
Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, Rosvall M, Sitzer M. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2007;115(4):459-67.
Zanchetti A, Bond MG, Hennig M, et al. Calcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trial. Circulation. 2002;106(19):2422-7.
Aquino EM, Barreto SM, Bensenor IM, et al. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(4):315-24.
Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Mill JG, et al. Cohort Profile: Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(1):68-75.
Howard G, Sharrett AR, Heiss G, et al. Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness distribution in general populations as evaluated by B-mode ultrasound. ARIC Investigators. Stroke. 1993;24(9):1297-304.
Folsom AR, Kronmal RA, Detrano RC, et al. Coronary artery calcification compared with carotid intima-media thickness in the prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(12):1333-9.
Rundek T, Blanton SH, Bartels S, et al. Traditional risk factors are not major contributors to the variance in carotid intima-media thickness. Stroke. 2013;44(8):2101-8.
Bots ML, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Increased common carotid intima-media thickness. Adaptive response or a reflection of atherosclerosis? Findings from the Rotterdam Study. Stroke. 1997;28(12):2442-7.
Lotufo PA. Construção do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) Setting up the Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Rev Saúde Pública. 2013;47 suppl 2:3-9.
Santos IS, Bittencourt MS, Oliveira IR, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness value distributions in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Atherosclerosis. 2014;237(1):227-35.
Santos IS, Goulart AC, Pereira AC, Lotufo PA, Benseñor IM. Association between Cardiovascular Health Score and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) Baseline Assessment. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29(12):1207-16.e4.
Ribeiro AH, Lotufo PA, Fujita A, et al. Association Between Short-Term Systolic Blood Pressure Variability and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in ELSA-Brasil Baseline. Am J Hypertens. 2017;30(10):954-60.
Sitnik D, Santos IS, Goulart AC, et al. Fasting glucose levels, incident diabetes, subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in apparently healthy adults: A 12-year longitudinal study. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2016;13(6):429-37.
Laurinavicius AG, Santos IS, Santos RD, et al. Extremely elevated HDL-cholesterol levels are not associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness: data from ELSA Brasil. J Clin Lipidol. 2016;10(4):898-904.e1.
Baena CP, Lotufo PA, Santos IS, et al. Neck circumference is associated with carotid intimal-media thickness but not with coronary artery calcium: Results from The ELSA-Brasil. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26(3):216-22.
Lotufo PA, Pereira AC, Vasconcellos PS, et al. Resistant hypertension: risk factors, subclinical atherosclerosis, and comorbidities among adults-the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2015;17(1):74-80.
Kianoush S, Yakoob MY, Al-Rifai M, et al. Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: ELSA-Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(6). pi: e005088.
Santos IS, Alencar AP, Rundek T, et al. Low Impact of Traditional Risk Factors on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: The ELSA-Brasil Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015;35(9):2054-9.
de Almeida-Pititto B, Ribeiro-Filho FF, Santos IS, et al. Association between carotid intima-media thickness and adiponectin in participants without diabetes or cardiovascular disease of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(2):116-22.
Miname M, Bensenor IM, Lotufo PA. Different methods of calculating ankle-brachial index in mid-elderly men and women: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Braz J Med Biol Res. 2016;49(12):e5734.
Suemoto CK, Santos IS, Bittencourt MS, et al. Subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis and performance on cognitive tests in middle-aged adults: Baseline results from the ELSA-Brasil. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(2):510-5.
Kemp AH, López SR, Passos VMA, et al. Insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness mediate the association between resting-state heart rate variability and executive function: A path modelling study. Biol Psychol. 2016;117:216-24.
Lemos SP, Passos VM, Brant LC, et al. Inconsistent Correlation Between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Peripheral Arterial Tonometry: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(33):e1403.
Pacheco AG, Grinsztejn B, Fonseca Mde J, et al. HIV Infection Is Not Associated with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the INI/ELSA-Brasil Study. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0158999.
Santos IS, Bittencourt MS, Goulart AC, et al. Insulin resistance is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in non-diabetic subjects. A cross-sectional analysis of the ELSA-Brasil cohort baseline. Atherosclerosis. 2017;260:34-40.
Santos IS, Goulart AC, Brunoni AR, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness. Cross-sectional analysis from ELSA-Brasil baseline data. Atherosclerosis. 2015;240(2):529-34.
Goulart AC, Santos IS, Bittencourt MS, Lotufo PA, Benseñor IM. Migraine and subclinical atherosclerosis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Cephalalgia. 2016;36(9):840-8.
Guimarães JM, Clarke P, Tate D, et al. Social mobility and subclinical atherosclerosis in a middle-income country: Association of intra- and inter-generational social mobility with carotid intima-media thickness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Soc Sci Med. 2016;169:9-17.
Camelo LV, Giatti L, Chor D, et al. Associations of life course socioeconomic position and job stress with carotid intima-media thickness. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Soc Sci Med. 2015;141:91-9.
Peixoto de Miranda ÉJ, Bittencourt MS, Pereira AC, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness in cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26(10):915-21.
Mill JG, Pinto K, Griep RH, et al. Afericoes e exames clinicos realizados nos participantes do ELSA-Brasil [Medical assessments and measurements in ELSA-Brasil]. Rev Saúde Pública. 2013;47(supl 2):54-62.
Freire CMV, Alcantara ML, Santos SN, et al. Recomendação para a Quantificação pelo Ultrassom da Doença Aterosclerótica das Artérias Carótidas e Vertebrais: Grupo de Trabalho do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - DIC - SBC. Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2015;28(no. especial):e1-e64. Available from: http://departamentos.cardiol.br/dic/publicacoes/revistadic/revista/2015/portugues/Numero_Especial/vol28_artigo%20especial_port.pdf Accessed in 2017 (Oct 31).
Stein JH, Korcarz CE, Hurst RT, et al. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21(2):93-111; quiz 189-90.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D, et al. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation. 2010;121(4):586-613.
Bauer M, Delaney JA, Möhlenkamp S, et al. Comparison of factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26(6):667-73.
Hirano K, Yamashita S, Kuga Y, et al. Atherosclerotic disease in marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Combined reduction of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hepatic triglyceride lipase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1995;15(11):1849-56.
Bentzon JF, Otsuka F, Virmani R, Falk E. Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circ Res. 2014;114(12):1852-66.
Bivanco-Lima D, Santos IS, Vannucchi AMC, Ribeiro MCA. Risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com depressão [Cardiovascular risk in individuals with depression]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2013;59(3):298-304.
Jabbar A, Pingitore A, Pearce SH, et al. Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14(1):39-55.
Pasterkamp G, Schoneveld AH, Hillen B, et al. Is plaque formation in the common carotid artery representative for plaque formation and luminal stenosis in other atherosclerotic peripheral arteries? A post mortem study. Atherosclerosis. 1998;137(1):205-10.
Fernández-Friera L, Peñalvo JL, Fernández-Ortiz A, et al. Prevalence, Vascular Distribution, and Multiterritorial Extent of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in a Middle-Aged Cohort: The PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) Study. Circulation. 2015;131(24):2104-13.
Laclaustra M, Casasnovas JA, Fernández-Ortiz A, et al. Femoral and Carotid Subclinical Atherosclerosis Association with Risk Factors and Coronary Calcium: The AWHS Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(11):1263-74.
Lorenz MW, Polak JF, Kavousi M, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness progression to predict cardiovascular events in the general population (the PROG-IMT collaborative project): a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2012;379(9831):2053-62.
Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Hamsten A, et al. Progression of carotid intima-media thickness as predictor of vascular events: results from the IMPROVE study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33(9):2273-9.
Polak JF, Pencina MJ, O'Leary DH, D'Agostino RB. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness progression as a predictor of stroke in multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Stroke. 2011;42(11):3017-21.
