Crossed testicular ectopia
Keywords:
Cryptorchidism, Ectopic testis, Orchiopexy, Testicular ectopiaAbstract
Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) is a rare anomaly, characterized by migration of one testis towards the opposite inguinal canal. Presented here is a case of crossed ectopia of the right testis, treated by extraperitoneal transposition of the gonad and right orchiopexy. Embriology and surgical findings suggest that CTE is a common consequence of many unclear ethiologic factors, specially mechanical ones, and can be associated with Muller duct persistence. Review of literature suggests a classification of CTE into 3 types: I - associated with inguinal hernia alone; II - associated with persistent mullerian remnants; III - associated with other anomalies without mullerian remnants. Treatment includes transeptal orchiopexy or extraperitoneal transposition of the testis, research for mullerian remnants and other anomalies, and long term postoperative follow-up, due to the risk of becoming malignant.
Downloads
References
AHAD, A.; WANI, N.A.; BHAN, L.; GARYALI, R.K. - Ectopia testis transversa. Brit J Urol, 50: 215, 1978.
AHMED, S. - A case of transverse testicular ectopia. J Urol, 106: 308-309, 1971.
APPLEBY, B. - Pseudo-duplication of testis. Med J Austr, 2:215, 1961.
BANKS, A.G. - A case of transverse ectopia of the testis. Brit Med J, 2: 589, 1926.
BEASLEY, S.W.; AULDIST, A.W. - Crossed testicular ectopia in association with double incomplete testicular descent. Austr N Z Surg, 55: 301-303, 1985.
BENSON, D.D.; LOFTI, M.W. - The pouch technique in the surgical correction of cryptorchidism in infants and children. Surgery, 62: 967, 1967.
BRITO, M.A.; LANNA, J.C.B.D.; PAIXÃO, R.M.; SOBRINHO, J.M.D.L. - Ectopia testicular transversa. Rev Ass Med Bras, 27: 275-276, 1981.
BROWNE, A.F.; BLACK, N. - Unilateral double testicles on transverse ectopia of the testis. Can Med Ass J, 82: 84-85, 1960.
CAMPBELL, H.E. - The incidence of malignant growth of the undescended testicle: a reply and re-evaluation. J Urol, 81: 663, 959.
CARRAGHER, A.M.; BOSTON, V.E. - Mullerian inhibiting factor deficiency syndrome with crossed testicular ectopia. Brit J Urol, 60: 275-276, 1987.
COHEN-HAGUENAUER, O.; PICARD, J.Y.; MATTÉR, M.G. - Mapping of the gene of anti-mullerian hormone to the short arm of the chromossome 19. Cytogenet Cell Genet, 44: 2-6, 1987.
CORRÊA, M.A.G.; FEDERICI, J.R.D.; NOÉ, A.J.; CANELLAS, E.B.; GOMES, P.M.B.; BIZZO, E.F.S.; SOUZA, T.A.; VIEIRA, H.J.; SABANEEF, J.; BRINGEL, P.J.P. - Ectopia testicular cruzada - relato de um caso. J Bras Urol, 9: 115-116, 1983.
DAJANI, A.M. - Transverse ectopia of the testis. Brit J Urol, 41: 80-82, 1969.
DAVIS, J.E. - Transverse aberrant testicular maldescent. US Armed Forces Med J, 8: 1046-1050, 1957.
Demographic Yearbook, 42th ed. New York, United Nations, 25-200, 1993.
DICKINSON, A.J.; HEWETT, P. - Transverse testicular ectopia presenting as strangulated inguinal hernia. Brit J Urol, 66: 217, 1990.
DOGRUYOL, H.; ÖZCAN, M.; BALKAN, E. - Two rare genital abnormalities: crossed testicular and scrot-testicular ectopia. Brit J Urol, 70: 201-203, 1992.
FOURCROY, J.L.; BELMAN, A.B. - Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian duct. Urology, 19: 536-538, 1982.
FUJITA, J. - Transverse testicular ectopia. Urology, 16: 400-402, 1980.
GAUDERER, M.W.L.; GRISONI. E.R.; STELLATO, T.A.; PONSKY, J.L.; IZANT Jr, R.J. - Transverse testicular ectopia. J Ped Surg, 17: 43-47, 1982.
GAUTIER-BENOIT, C.; BUGNON, P.Y.; SERVAIS, B.; JEAN. P. - Le syndrome d'ectopie testiculaire transverse avec persistance de vestiges mulleriens ou la bourse viede et le cordon trop plein. J Chir (Paris), 127: 286-289, 1990.
GIANNOPOULOS, A.; PANTAZOPOULOS, D.; MICHALOPOULOS, A.; GOULANDRIS, N.; DIMOPOULOS, C. - Association d'une forme rare d'ectopie testiculaire, d'un epididyme ectopique surnumemráire. Ann d'Urol, 20: 267-270, 1986.
GOLLADAY, E.S.; REDMAN, J.F. - Transverse testicular ectopia. Urology, 19: 181-186, 1982.
GRAPIN, C.; GERAUD, M.; AUDRY, G. - Mecanisme de la non descent testiculaire. Chir Ped, 30: 14-137, 1989.
GRUMBACH, M.M.; CONTE, F.A. - Disorders of sexual differentiation. In Wilson, J.D.; Foster, D.W. - Williams: Textbook of Endocrinology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 383-493, 1985.
GUPTA, R.L.; DAS, P. - Ectopia testis transversa. J Ind Med Ass, 35: 547-549, 1960.
HAMMOUNDI, S. - Transverse testicular ectopia. J Ped Surg, 24: 223-224, 1989.
HALSTEAD, A.E. - Ectopia testis transversa. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 4: 129-132, 1907.
HERTZLER, A.E. - Ectopia testis transversa with infantile uterus. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 23: 597-601, 1916
KHANESRAM H,L.; GUPTA, A.S.; MALPANI, N.K. - Transverse testicular ectopia. Brit J Urol, 50: 283, 1978.
LOWSLEY, O.S.; PORRAS, E. - Congenital anomalies of the testicle. J Int Coll Surg, 15: 332-342, 1951.
MACKENZIE, D.W. - Pseudohermaphrodismus masculinus internus. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 34: 51, 1922.
MAFOUZ, E.H.; ISSA, M.A.; FARAG, T.I.; NAGUIB, K.K.; AL-AWAS, S.A.; SCHIMKE, R.N. - Persistent mullerian duct syndrome: report of two boys with associated crossed testicular ectopia. J Ped Surg, 25: 692-693, 1990.
MARSH, F. - Two testicles on one side. Brit Med J, 2: 1354, 1911.
MARTIN, E.L.; BENNETT, A.H.; CROMIE, W.J. - Persistent müllerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia and spermatogenesis. J Urol, 147: 1615-1617, 1922.
MILLER, H.C. - Transeptal orchiopexy for cryptorchism. J Urol, 98: 503-505, 1967.
MIURA, T.; TAKAHASHI, G. - Crossed ectopic testis with common vas deferens. J Urol, 1324: 1206-1208, 1985.
MOULI, K.; McCARTHY, P.; RAY, P.; RAY, V.; ROSENTHAL, I.R. - Persistent mullerian duct syndrome in a man with transverse testicular ectopia. J Urol, 139: 373-375, 1988.
MUKERJEE, S.; AMESUR, N.R. - Transverse testicular ectopia with unilateral blood suply. Ind J Surg, 27: 547-550, 1965.
PAVÃO, J.M.; GONZAGA, R.F.; CARDOSO, J.A.G.; FERREIRA, A. - Transverse testicular ectopia corrected by a modified Ombrédanne operation. J Urol, 132: 1194, 1984.
PETERSON, N.E. - Association of transverse testicular ectopia and seminal vesicle cyst. J Urol, 188: 345-346,1977.
RAO, B.K.; KAPUR, M.M. - Transverse testicular ectopia: a case report. J Urol, 124: 149-150, 1980.
SASTRY, S.C.; VENKATESWARLU, K.; HUSSAIN, B.A. - Transverse testicular ectopia. Int Surg, 59: 373-374, 1974.
SINGLA, S.L.; MARYA, S.K.S.; KUMAR, B. - Transverse testicular ectopia. Ind Pediat, 24: 1148-1149, 1987.
STAUBER, R. - The familial incidence of transverse testicular dystopia. Zentralbl Chir, 90: 6210625, 1965.
SWANK, R.L.; AFSHANI, E. - Transverse testicular ectopia: preoperative diagnosis. J Ped Surg, 9: 425, 1974.
THEVATHASAN, C.G. - Transverse ectopia of the testis. Austr N Z J Surg, 37: 93-102, 1967.
TILAK, G.H.; TALWALKAR, M.G. - A case of ectopic testis transversa. Brit J Urol, 34: 227-228, 1962.
TOLETE-VELCEK, F.; BERNSTEIN, M.O.; HANSBROUGH, F. - Crossed testicular ectopia with bilateral duplication of the vasa deferentia: an unusual finding in cryptorchism. J Ped Surg, 23: 641-643, 1988.
WOOLEY, M.M. - Cryptorchidism. In Ravitch, M.M.; Welsh, K.J.; Benson, C.D. et al. - Pediatric Surgery. Chicago. Chicago Year Book Medical Publishers, 1979.
