Sodium and potassium intake estimated using two methods in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Authors

  • Taísa Sabrina Silva Pereira Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
  • Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor Universidade de São Paulo
  • Jorge Gustavo Velásquez Meléndez Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
  • Carolina Perim de Faria Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
  • Nágela Valadão Cade Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
  • José Geraldo Mill Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
  • Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

Keywords:

Epidemiologic studies, Electrolytes, Biological markers, Diet, Urine specimen collection

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Sodium and potassium intake from different food sources is an important issue regarding cardiovascular physiology. Epidemiological assessment of the intake of these electrolytes intake is done through food frequency questionnaires or urinary excretion measurements. Our aim was to compare these methods using a sample of Brazilian civil servants. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional baseline evaluation from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. METHODS: Sodium and potassium intake was obtained using two methods: a semi-quantitative questionnaire including 114 food items; and overnight 12-hour urinary excretion measurement. Sodium and potassium estimates obtained through the questionnaire were adjusted for energy intake using the residual method. Urinary excretion measurements were considered valid if they met three adequacy criteria: collection time, volume and total creatinine excretion. Mean nutrients were estimated, and Spearman correlations were calculated. Sodium and potassium intake was categorized into quintiles, and weighted kappa coefficients and percentage agreement were calculated. The significance level for all tests was 0.05. RESULTS: Data from 15,105 participants were analyzed, and significant differences between mean intakes of sodium (questionnaire: 4.5 ± 1.7 g; urine: 4.2 ± 2.1 g) and potassium (questionnaire: 4.7 ± 1.8 g; urine: 2.4 ± 1 g) were found. Weak agreement was found for sodium (K = 0.18) and potassium (K = 0.16). The percentage disagreement between methods ranged from 41.8 to 44.5%, while exact concordance ranged from 22.1% to 23.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between the food frequency questionnaire and urinary excretion measurements for assessment of sodium and potassium intakes was modest.

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Author Biographies

Taísa Sabrina Silva Pereira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

MSc. Doctoral Student of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor, Universidade de São Paulo

MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.

Jorge Gustavo Velásquez Meléndez, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

PhD. Professor in the Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Carolina Perim de Faria, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Integrated Health Education, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Nágela Valadão Cade, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

José Geraldo Mill, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

PhD. Titular Professor, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Integrated Health Education, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

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Published

2015-11-11

How to Cite

1.
Pereira TSS, Benseñor IJM, Meléndez JGV, Faria CP de, Cade NV, Mill JG, Molina M del CB. Sodium and potassium intake estimated using two methods in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Sao Paulo Med J [Internet]. 2015 Nov. 11 [cited 2025 Mar. 9];133(6):510-6. Available from: https://periodicosapm.emnuvens.com.br/spmj/article/view/1687

Issue

Vol. 133 No. 6 (2015)

Section

Original Article

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