Revisão sistemática no manejo clínico de disfunções sexuais induzidas por antipsicóticos na esquizofrenia
Palavras-chave:
Esquizofrenia, Agentes antipsicóticos, Transtornos sexuais e da identidade sexual, LibidoResumo
INTRODUÇÃO: Disfunção sexual freqüentemente ocorre em pacientes com esquizofrenia em terapia com antipsicóticos e a presença de efeitos adversos sexuais pode afetar a adesão ao tratamento. O objetivo do estudo é rever e descrever achados clínicos relacionados ao manejo apropriado de tais disfunções. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi feita pelo Medline (de 1966 a março de 2005), PsycInfo (de 1974 a março de 2005) e Biblioteca Cochrane (de 1965 a março de 2005) e incluiu qualquer tipo de desenho de estudo de relato de caso a estudos clínicos randomizados. RESULTADOS: As disfunções sexuais mais comuns encontradas na literatura foram diminuição da libido, dificuldades em alcançar e manter ereção, disfunção ejaculatória, orgásmica e irregularidades menstruais. Treze artigos foram encontrados: oito deles eram estudos abertos, quatro descrições de casos e somente um estudo clínico randomizado. Todos eram de curta duração e com tamanho de amostra pequeno. Os agentes usados foram: bromocriptina, cabergolina, ciproheptadina, amantadina, shakuyaku-kanzo-to, sildenafil e selegilina. DISCUSSÃO: Não há evidências de eficácia apropriada destes agentes no tratamento da disfunção sexual induzida por antipsicóticos. Um algoritmo foi sugerido para manejo da disfunção sexual induzida por antipsicóticos, suportando decisões clínicas. Como o desfecho da esquizofrenia é fortemente relacionado a adesão ao tratamento com antipsicóticos, a prevenção da disfunção sexual é melhor que seu tratamento, visto que muito poucos dados estão disponíveis sobre a eficácia de intervenções destes problemas.
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