Comparação dos valores de débito cardíaco obtidos por termodiluição e reinalação parcial de gás carbônico em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda
Palavras-chave:
Débito cardíaco, Dióxido de carbono, Termodiluição, Síndrome do desconforto respiratório do adulto, Unidade de terapia intensivaResumo
CONTEXTO: A termodiluição, considerada técnica padrão para medida do débito cardíaco em pacientes graves, não é isenta de riscos relevantes. Faz-se necessário encontrar métodos alternativos não invasivos, automáticos, simples e acurados para monitorar o débito cardíaco à beira do leito. OBJETIVO: Comparar as medidas do débito cardíaco obtido com os métodos termodiluição e reinalação parcial de gás carbônico em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda em dois níveis de gravidade (índice de lesão pulmonar – LIS abaixo de 2,5 grupo A; e acima de 2,5, grupo B). TIPO DO ESTUDO: Comparativo, prospectivo, controlado. LOCAL: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de dois hospitais-escola. MÉTODOS: Vinte pacientes acometidos de insuficiência respiratória aguda (PaO2 /FiO2 < 300), sob ventilação pulmonar artificial, nos quais foram realizadas 294 medidas, 164 medidas no grupo A (n = 11) e 130 no grupo B (n = 9),variando de 14 a 15 medidas por paciente, foram estudados. Débito cardíaco foi medido com termodiluição e reinalação parcial de gás carbônico. RESULTADOS: A correlação entre os métodos estudados foi fraca no grupos A (r = 0,52, p < 0,001*) e no B: r = 0,47, p < 0,001*). A aplicação do teste de Bland-Altman permitiu evidenciar a discordância entre os métodos (grupo A: -0,9 ± 2,71 l/min; IC 95% = - 1,14 a -0,48; e grupo B: -1,75 ± 2,05 l/min (IC 95% = -2,11 a -1,4). A comparação dos resultados (testes t para grupos emparelhados e Mann-Whitney) obtidos nos grupos e entre os grupos de estudo revelou diferenças ( p = 0,00*, p < 0,05). DISCUSSÃO: Erros em estimar o CaCO2 (conteúdo arterial de CO2 ) através da ETCO2 (CO2 de final de corrente) e situações de circulação hiperdinâmica associados a espaço morto e/ou shunt possivelmente expliquem nossos resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda, o débito cardíaco determinado pela reinalação parcial de gás carbônico difere dos valores medidos com termodiluição. Esta diferença se acentua com a maior gravidade da lesão pulmonar.
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