Height, weight, weight change and risk of breast cancer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Keywords:
Breast cancer, Body weight, Height, Body weight changesAbstract
CONTEXT: The relationship between body size and breast cancer still remains controversial in considering menopausal status. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of height, weight and weight changes with breast cancer in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). SAMPLE: 177 incident cases of invasive breast cancer admitted to the main hospital of INCA between May 1995 and February 1996, and 377 controls recruited from among female visitors to the same hospital. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Height and weight were measured and information on maximum weight, weight at ages 18 and 30 years, and potential risk factors were ascertained by interview at the hospital. RESULTS: Height was not related to risk of breast cancer among both pre and postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, women in this study were shorter than in studies that have found a positive association. Premenopausal women in the upper quartile of recent body mass index (BMI) and maximum BMI showed a reduced risk of breast cancer (P for trend ≤ 0.03). Weight loss between ages 18 and 30 years and from 18 years to present was also associated with breast cancer among premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may merely indicate the known association between leanness and breast cancer. Further studies should explore the role of weight loss on breast cancer risk.
Downloads
References
[DATASUS] Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Sistema de Informação Hospitalar, 1998. Disponível em: URL: http://www.datasus.gov.br.
Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, Hildesheim A, Nomura AM, West DW. Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian- American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1819. 27.
Sichieri R, Taddei JA, Everhart JE. Influence of parental height and sociodemographic factors on adolescent height in Brazil. J Adol Health. In press.
Micozzi MS, Moon TE. Macronutrients: investigating their role in cancer. New York: Marcel Decker Inc.; 1992.
Ballard-Barbash R. Anthropometry and breast cancer: body size: a moving target. Cancer 1994;74:1090-100.
Saggese G, Bertelloni S, Baroncelli GI. Sex steroids and the acqui- sition of bone mass. Horm Res 1997;48(S5):65-71.
Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb PA, Storer BE, et al. Body size and risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:1011-8.
Swanson CA, Brinton LA, Taylor PR, et al. Body size and breast cancer risk assessed in women participating in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project. Am J Epidemiol 1989;130:1133-41.
Swanson CA, Coates RJ, Schoenberg JB, et al. Body size and breast cancer risk among women under age 45 years. Am J Epidemiol 1996;43:698-706.
Minnist S, Pietinin P, Palmgren J, Eskelinen M, Uusitupa M. Body size indicators and risk of breast cancer according to menopause and estrogen-receptor status. Int J Cancer 1996;68:8-13.
Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Nomura AMY, et al. Relative weight, weight change, height and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:650-60.
Albanes D, Jones DY, Shatzkin A, Micozzi MS, Taylor PR. Adult stature and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Research 1988;48:1658-62.
Hunter DJ, Willett WC. Diet, body size and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993;l15:110-31.
Vatten LJ, Kvinnsland S. Prospective study of height, body mass index and risk of breast cancer. Acta Oncol 1992;31:195-200.
van den Brandt PA, Dirx MJ, Ronckers CM, van den Hoogen P, Goldbohm RA. Height, weight, weight change and postmenopausal breast cancer: The Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 1997;8:39-47.
Chie WC, Li C, Chang KJ, et al. Body size as a factor in different ages and breast cancer risk in Taiwan. Anticancer Res 1998;(S1B)18:565-70.
Tavani A, Braga C, La Vecchia C, et al. Height and breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:543-7.
Folsom AR, Kaye SA, Prineas RJ, et al. Increased incidence of carcinoma of the breast associated with abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:794-803.
London SJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer JJ, et al. Prospective study of relative weight, height and risk of breast cancer. J Am Med Assoc 1989;262:2853-8.
Kaaks R, van Noord PAH, Tonkelaar I, et al. Breast-cancer inci- dence in relation to height, weight and body-fat distribution in Dutch “DOM’ cohort. Int J Cancer 1998;76:647-51.
Trichopoulos D, Lipman RD. Mammary gland mass and breast cancer risk. Epidemiology 1992;3:523-6.
Apter D. Hormonal events during female puberty in relation to breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 1996;5:476-82.
Magnusson C, Baron J, Persson I, et al. Body size in different periods of life and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer 1998;76:29-34.
Cauley JA, Gutai JP, Kuller LH, LeDonne D, Powell JG. The epidemiology of serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:1120-30.
Huang Z, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, et al. Dual effects of weight and weight gain on breast cancer risk. JAMA 1997;278:1407-11.
Ursin G, Longnecker MP, Haile RW, Greenland SA. A meta-analy- sis of body mass index and risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Epidemiology 1995;6:137-41.
Hulka BS, Liu ET, Lininger RA. Steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer. Cancer 1994;74(3S):1111-24.
Peacock SL., White E, Daling JR, Voigt LF, Malone KE. Relation between obesity and breast cancer in young women. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:339-46.
Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Estudo Nacional da Despesa Familiar – ENDEF, Rio de Janeiro; 1977.
Coitinho DC, Leão MM, Recine E, Sichieri R. Condições nutricionais da população brasileira. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição. INAN, Ministério da Saúde; 1991.
Sichieri R. Epidemiologia obesidade. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; 1998:40.
Mendonça GAS, Eluf-Neto J, Andrada-Scarpa MJ, et al. Organochlorines and breast cancer: a case-control study in Brazil. Int J. Cancer 1999;83:596-600.
Rogers AE. Diet and breast cancer: studies in laboratory animals. J Nutrition 1997;(S)127:933-5.
Klurfeld DM, Welsch CB, Lloyd LM. Inhibition of DMBA – induced mammary tumorogenesis by caloric restriction in rats fed high fat diets. Int J Cancer 1989:43:922-5.
Key TJA, Pike MC. The role of oestrogens and progestagens in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1988;24:29-43.
Potischman N, Swanson CA, Sitteri, et al. Reversal of relation between body mass and endogenous estrogen concentrations with menopausal status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:756-8.
Gerber M. Body size and breast cancer risk among women under age 45 years. In: Letters to the Editor. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:669-70.
Semmens J, Rouse I, Beilin LJ,. Masarei JRL Relationship of plasma HDL-cholesterol to testosterone, estradiol, and Sex-Hormone- Binding Globulin levels in men and women. Metabolism 1984;32:428-32.
Rock CL, Gorenflo DW, Drewnowski A, Demitrack MA. Nutri- tional characteristics, eating pathology, and hormonal status in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:566-71.
Barr SI, Janelle C, Prior JC, Vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian diets, dietary restraint, and subclinical ovulatory disturbances: prospec- tive 6-month study. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:886-94.
Whelan EA, Sandler DP, Root JL, Smith KR, Weinberg CR. Men- strual cycle patterns and risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:1081-90.
Yuan J, Yu MC, Ross RK, Gao Y, Henderson BE. Risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women in Shanghai. Cancer Res 1988;48:1949-53.
Harlow SD, Matanoski GM. The association between weight, physical activity, and stress and variation in the length of the men- strual cycle. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:38-49.
Raphael K. Recall Bias: A proposal for assessment and controls. International Journal of Epidemiology 1987;16:167-70.
