Tratamento farmacológico para insuficiência cardíaca sistólica crônica e as evidências disponíveis
uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Palavras-chave:
Insuficiência cardíaca, insuficiência cardíaca sistólica, tratamento medicamentoso, revisão, ensaio clínicoResumo
Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca é uma síndrome clínica complexa de caráter sistêmico, definida como disfunção cardíaca que ocasiona inadequado suprimento sanguíneo para atender as necessidades metabólicas teciduais. É uma doença que se manifesta na maioria da população de forma crônica, progressiva e tem causa multifatorial. Caracteriza-se por internações frequentes, elevada prevalência, alta taxa de mortalidade e alto custo socioeconômico. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento efetivo são fundamentais no prognóstico desta síndrome. O tratamento medicamentoso visa diminuir a progressão da doença, reduzir mortalidade e hospitalização, aliviar sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Mapear as evidências sobre o tratamento farmacológico da insuficiência cardíaca crônica do tipo sistólica ou com fração de ejeção reduzida. Método: Revisão narrativa da literatura de ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos observacionais. As seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas foram utilizadas: CENTRAL via Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS via BVS e Embase via Elsevier. Como descritores, foram utilizados: insuficiência cardíaca, insuficiência cardíaca sistólica, tratamento medicamentoso, revisão,ensaio clínico. Resultados: Foi encontrado um total de 10.241 estudos nas diferentes bases de dados. Destes, os mais relevantes foram incluídos nesta revisão e os dados encontrados foram apresentados de forma narrativa. Conclusão: Os dados disponíveis demonstraram que o pilar do tratamento medicamentoso capaz de mudar a história natural da insuficiência cardíaca crônica inclui os moduladores do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona e os bloqueadores dos receptores beta adrenégicos. Para melhorar sintomas e reduzir hospitalização, estão os diuréticos, a digoxina e a ivabradina.
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