Neurofibroma plexiforme gigante
tratamento cirúrgico
Palavras-chave:
Neurofibromatoses, neurofibromatose 1, neurofibroma, neurofibroma plexiforme, manchas café com leiteResumo
Contexto: Neurofibromatose (NF) é desordem neuroectodérmica; apresenta manifestações na pele, sistema nervoso, olhos e ossos. A variante tipo 1 (NF-1) é a mais frequente na população, tendo como critério diagnóstico a presença de pelo menos dois dos seguintes achados: seis ou mais manchas “café com leite” maiores que 0,5 cm em pré-púberes ou maiores que 1,5 cm após a puberdade; efélides axilares ou inguinais; dois ou mais neurofibromas ou um neurofibroma plexiforme; dois ou mais nódulos de Lisch; glioma óptico; displasia óssea e um parente de primeiro grau com NF-1. Descrição do caso: Paciente com 24 anos de idade, sexo masculino, apresentava efélides axilares; múltiplas máculas “café com leite” maiores que 1,5 cm distribuídas no tronco, dorso e membros inferiores; tumoração amolecida na região lombo-sacra à esquerda, compatível com neurofibroma plexiforme. Hipótese diagnóstica: neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF-1). Realizada excisão do neurofibroma, o exame histopatológico não evidenciou transformação maligna. Discussão: NF-1 tem elevada prevalência na população (um caso em cada 3.000 habitantes). Neurofibromas plexiformes (NP) são neurofibromas que se estendem ao longo do trajeto de um nervo. Podem sofrer degeneração maligna a tumores da bainha do nervo periférico, sendo esta a principal causa de morte. Conclusão: A NF, especialmente a tipo 1, apresenta a possibilidade de acometimento multissistêmico, sendo fundamental o seguimento do paciente por equipe multiprofissional. Apresentamos um caso com tratamento por meio de excisão cirúrgica, a qual trouxe grande alívio ao paciente devido às dimensões e localização do neurofibroma plexiforme.
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