Primary testicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
a review article
Keywords:
Lymphoma, Testis, Central nervous system, Injections, Orchidectomy, Genital neoplasms, maleAbstract
Primary testicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was fi rst described as a clinical entity in 1866. It is a rare disease and accounts for 1% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 2% of all extranodal lymphomas and 5% of all testicular neoplasms. It is the most common testicular tumor in males between sixty and eighty years of age. Testicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is unique in its high incidence of bilateral involvement (8-38%), and it is also the most common bilateral testicular tumor. Testicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has a predilection for spreading to non-contiguous extranodal sites, especially the central nervous system. Advanced-stage disease is usually managed with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. For early-stage disease, opinion is divided regarding systemic chemotherapy following orchidectomy. The high incidence of spreading, especially to the central nervous system, leads to advocacy of the use of central nervous system prophylaxis with intrathecal chemotherapy. Prospective multicenter trials incorporating a large number of patients may lead to better guidelines for optimal management of this subtype of nonHodgkin’s lymphoma.
Downloads
References
Shahab N, Doll DC. Testicular lymphoma. Semin Oncol. 1999;26(3):259-69.
Eskey CJ, Whitman GJ, Chew FS. Malignant lymphoma of the testis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169(3):822.
Ballen KK, Hasserjian RP. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 15-2004. A 31-year-old man with bilateral testicular enlarge- ment. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(20):2081-7.
Buskirk SJ, Evans RG, Banks PM, O’Connell MJ, Earle JD. Primary lymphoma of the testis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1982;8(10):1699-703.
Lobo FD, Bansal R, Naik R, Pai MR, Dinesh D. Primary testicular lymphoma. J Indian Med Assoc. 1998;96(6): 193-4.
Sussman EB, Hajdu SI, Lieberman PH, Whitmore WF. Malignant lymphoma of the testis: a clinicopathologic study of 37 cases. J Urol. 1977;118(6):1004-7.
Baldetorp LA, Brunkvall J, Cavallin-Stahl E, et al. Malignant lymphoma of the testis. Br J Urol. 1984;56(5):525-30.
Paladugu RR, Bearman RM, Rappaport H. Malignant lympho- ma with primary manifestation in the gonad: a clinicopathologic study of 38 patients. Cancer. 1980;45(3):561-71.
Jackson SM, Montessori GA. Malignant lymphoma of the tes- tis: review of 17 cases in British Columbia with survival related to pathological subclassification. J Urol. 1980;123(6):881-3.
Lagrange JL, Ramaioli A, Theodore CH, et al. Non-Hodg- kin’s lymphoma of the testis: a retrospective study of 84 patients treated in the French anticancer centres. Ann Oncol. 2001;12(9):1313-9.
Tondini C, Ferreri AJ, Siracusano L, et al. Diffuse large-cell lymphoma of the testis. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(9):2854-8.
Tepperman BS, Gospodarowicz MK, Bush RS, Brown TC. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the testis. Radiology. 1982;142(1):203-8.
Moller MB, d’Amore F, Christensen BE. Testicular lym- phoma: a population-based study of incidence, clinicopatho- logical correlations and prognosis. The Danish Lymphoma Study Group, LYFO. Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A(12):1760-4.
Connors JM, Klimo P, Voss N, Fairey RN, Jackson S. Testicular lymphoma: improved outcome with early brief chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 1988;6(5):776-81.
Crellin AM, Hudson BV, Bennett MH, Harland S, Hudson GV. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the testis. Radiother Oncol. 1993;27(2):99-106.
Touroutoglou N, Dimopoulos MA, Younes A, et al. Testicular lymphoma: late relapses and poor outcome despite doxoru- bicin-based therapy. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(6):1361-7.
Givler RL. Testicular involvement in leukemia and lym- phoma. Cancer. 1969;23(6):1290-5.
Martenson JA Jr, Buskirk SJ, Ilstrup DM, et al. Patterns of failure in primary testicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1988;6(2):297-302.
Al-Abbadi MA, Hattab EM, Tarawneh MS, Amr SS, Orazi A, Ulbright TM. Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lympho- ma belongs to the nongerminal center B-cell-like subgroup: A study of 18 cases. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(12):1521-7.
Kondo T, Wada H, Yata K, et al. [Seven patients with stage I and II primary testicular lymphoma]. Rinsho Ketsueki. 2002;43(6):473-6.
