Monoamine responses to acute and chronic aerobic exercise in normotensive and hypertensive subjects
Keywords:
Monoamines, Aerobic exercise, Physical training, Hypertension, HumansAbstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to compare the plasma and serum monoamine levels in sedentary, untrained normotensive and hypertensive men at rest with levels measured after an acute bout of exercise and to compare similar measurements following a 12-week aerobic training program. PLACE OF STUDY: The data obtained for this study was collected from a clinic for the prevention of heart disease and cardiac rehabilitation (FITCOR) and analyzed in the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM), Laboratory of Experimental Neurology. SUBJECTS: Two groups of untrained male subjects, i.e., normotensive (N=16) and hypertensive (N=19), were submitted to an acute bout of exercise to analyze the acute effect of exercise on the monoamine levels.To study the chronic effect of exercise (physical training program), some individuals of each group were arranged in two other groups; normotensive (N=11) and hypertensive (N=8). MEASUREMENT: Plasma catecholamines and serum serotonin levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. RESULTS: A significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure at rest was observed in the hypertensive group after the physical training program (p < 0.05). Only the mean plasma noradrenaline concentration increased significantly post-exercise in all groups of individuals (acute effect of exercise - p < 0.01 for untrained normotensive and hypertensive; chronic effect of exercise - p < 0.001 for untrained and trained normotensive, p < 0.01 for untrained and trained hypertensive). CONCLUSION: These data show the beneficial effect of physical exercise in reducing the blood pressure in hypertensive patients, which does not seem to be related to changes in circulating monoamines.
Downloads
References
Chaouloff F. Physical exercise and brain monoamines: a review. Acta Physiol Scand 1989;137:1-13.
Bailey SP, Davis JM, Ahlborn E N. Effect of increased brain serotoninergic (5-HTlc) activity on endurance performance in the rat. Acta Physiol Scand 1992;146: 76-77.
Soares J, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG, Cavalheiro EA. Increased serotonin levels in physically trained men. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 1994;27:1635-1638.
Arida RM, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG, Soares J, Cavalheiro EA. Effect of an aerobic exercise program on blood pressure and catecholamines in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 1996;29:633-637.
Elghozi J L, Miach PJ, Meyer P. Central monoaminergic mechanisms in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. In: Saito H, Parvez H, Parvez S, Nagatsu T, eds. Progress in hypertension, vol I, Neurotransmitters as modulators of blood pressure. VSP, UTRECHT;1988:9-26.
Goldstein DS. Plasma catecholamines in essential hypertension: An analytical review. Hypertension 1983; 5:86-99.
Anderson EA, Sinkey CA, Lawton WJ, Mark AL. Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertensive humans. Hypertension 1989;14:177-183.
Ottosson A-M, Karlberg BE. Nisoldipine-effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and catecholamines. Studies in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. J Internal Medicine 1990;228:503-509.
Ducan JJ, Farr JE, Upton J, Hagan D, Oglesby ME, Blair SN. The effects of aerobic exercise on plasma catecholamines and blood pressure in patients with mild essential hypertension. JAMA 1985;254:2609-2613.
Van Nueten JM. Serotonin and the blood vessel wall. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1985;7(suppl 7):S49-S51.
Chandra M, Chandra N. Serotoninergic mechanisms in hypertension. Int J Cardiol 1993;42:189-196.
Hartley LH, Mason JW, Hogan RP et al. Multiple hormonal responses to graded exercise in relation to physical training. J Appl Physiol 1972;33:602-606.
Elam M, Svensson TH, Thoren P. Brain monoamine metabolism is altered in rats following spontaneous, long-distance running. Acta Physiol Scand 1987;130:313-316.
Mazzeo RS, Marshall P. Influence of plasma catecholamines on the lactate threshold during graded exercise. J Appl Physiol 1989;67:1319-1322.
World Health Organization - 1993 Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension. Memorandum from a word health organization/international society of hypertension meeting. Chantilly, WHO, 1993.
Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell K. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Champaign, Human Kinetics Books;1991:55-69.
Ellestad MH. Stress testing. Principles and practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. 1986.
American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore 1995.
Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG, Casarini DE, Fernandes MJS, Cavalheiro EA. Serum catecholamine levels determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 1992;36:119-122.
Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG, Rosenberg R, Fernandes MJS et al. Serum serotonin levels of normal and autistic children. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 1993;26:309-317.
Kiyonaga A, Arakawa K, Tanaka H, Shindo M. Blood pressure and hormonal responses to aerobic exercise. Hypertension 1985;7:125-131.
Jennings G, Nelson L, Korner P, Esler M. The place of exercise in the long-term treatment of hypertension. Nephron 1987;47(suppl 1):30-33.
Arrol B, Beaglehole R. Does physical activity lower blood pressure? A critical review of the clinical trials. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:439-447.
Wolfson S, Acosta AE, Rose LI, Parisi AF, Engelman I. Effects of conditioning on plasma catecholamines levels during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1972;29:297-298.
Cousineau D, Ferguson RJ, De Champlain J, Gauthier P, Côté P, Bourassa M. Catecholamines in coronary sinus during exercise in man before and after training. J Appl Physiol 1977;43:801-806.
Winder WW, Hagberg JM, Hickson RC, Ehani AA, McLane JA. Time course of sympathoadrenal adaptation to endurance exercise training in man. J Appl Physiol 1978;45:370-374.
Péronnet F, Cléroux J, Perrault H, Cousineau D, de Champlain J, Nadeau R. Plasma norepinephrine response to exercise before and after training in humans. J Appl Physiol 1981;51:812-815.
Ehsani AA, Heath GW, Martin III WH, Hagberg JM, Holloszy JO. Effects of intense exercise training on plasma catecholamines in coronary patients. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57(1):154-159.
Kjaer M, Christensen B, Sonne B, Richter EA, Galbo H. Effect of exercise on epinephrine turnover in trained and untrained male subjects. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59:1061-1067.
Urhausen A, Weiller B, Coen B, Kindermann W. Plasma catecholamines during endurance exercise of different intensities as related to the individual anaerobic threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol 1994;69:16-20.
Tosti-Croce C, Lucarelli C, Betto P et al. Plasma catecholamines response during a personalised physical stress as a dynamic characterization of essential hypertension. Physiol Behav 1991;49:685-690.
Amery A, Fegard R, Fiocchi R. Anti-hypertensive action and serotonin induced platelet aggregation during long term ketanserin treatment in hypertensive patients. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1984;6:182-185.
