Identificação de perfis de idosos pela análise de cluster
uma estratégia de cuidados em saúde baseada em características de fragilidade
Palavras-chave:
Análise por conglomerados, Saúde do idoso, Pessoas com deficiências, Idoso fragilizado, Serviços de saúde para idososResumo
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: O panorama social do envelhecimento da população brasileira promete transformações significativas na atenção à saúde. Por meio da estratégia de análise por conglomerados (cluster), procurou-se descrever demandas de cuidados na população de idosos, utilizando componentes da fragilidade. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal baseado em revisão de registros médicos, realizado no Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 98 idosos usuários deste ambulatório por meio da análise de conglomerados, utilizando instrumentos para a avaliação do status geriátrico global e das características de fragilidade. RESULTADOS: As variáveis que mais fortemente influenciaram a formação dos conglomerados foram idade, capacidades funcional e cognitiva, presença de comorbidades e número de medicamentos utilizados, sendo o modelo com quatro agrupamentos estatisticamente mais robusto. Podem-se identificar três grupos principais de idosos, o primeiro de bom desempenho cognitivo e funcional, porém com elevada prevalência de comorbidades (idade média 77.9 anos, 28.6% com déficit cognitivo, média de 7.4 comorbidades); outro caracterizado por idade mais avançada, maior comprometimento cognitivo e maior dependência (idade média 88.5 anos, 84.6% com déficit cognitivo, média de 7.1 comorbidades); e ainda outro de menor idade, pior desempenho cognitivo e maior número de comorbidades, porém funcionalmente independentes (idade média 78.5 anos, 89.6% com déficit cognitivo, média de 4.9 comorbidades). CONCLUSÃO: Esses dados caracterizam o perfil dessa população e servem como substrato para o desenvolvimento de estratégias cujos objetivos sejam diminuir a dependência funcional, autopercepção ruim de saúde e comprometimento da qualidade de vida.
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