Incidência e estimativa de custo do tratamento de reações adversas a drogas de uso pediátrico em Lagos, Nigéria
Palavras-chave:
Toxicidade de drogas, Criança, Hospitalização, Carga corporal (Radioterapia), NigériaResumo
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: Reações adversas a drogas (RAD) podem causar hospitalização prolongada com alto custo de tratamento. Este efeito das RAD em crianças nunca foi avaliado na Nigéria. A incidência de RAD em pediatria e o custo estimado de tratamento em um período de 18 meses foram determinadas neste estudo. DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo observacional de crianças admitidas nas unidades pediátricas do Hospital Universitário do Estado de Lagos (LASUTH) na Nigéria, entre julho de 2006 e dezembro de 2007. MÉTODOS: Cada paciente foi avaliado para RAD durante a admissão. Os custos médicos e não médicos para o hospital e para o paciente foram estimados para cada RAD pela revisão das contas médicas e da farmácia, pelos registros médicos, pelos exames necessários para diagnóstico e pelas entrevistas com os pais. Os custos foram estimados em nairas (moeda nigeriana) de 2007 a partir das perspectivas do hospital (governo), dos usuários de serviços (pacientes) e da sociedade (portadores dos custos totais atribuídos ao tratamento de RAD). A estimativa de custo total foi apresentada em dólares americanos (US) de 2007. RESULTADOS: Duas mil e quatro crianças foram admitidas durante este estudo; 12 (0,6%) foram admitidas devido a RAD e 23 (1.2%) desenvolveram RAD durante admissão. Quarenta RAD foram suspeitadas nesses 35 pacientes e envolveram 53 medicamentos. Antibióticos (50%) foram as drogas mais suspeitas. Aproximadamente 1.83 milhões de nairas (US 15,466.60) foram gastos para cuidar de todos os pacientes admitidos por RAD. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento das RAD pediátricas foi bastante caro. As políticas de uso de drogas em pediatria na Nigéria devem ser revistas para desencorajar a auto-medicação, a prescrição de polifarmácia e a venda de medicamentos de prescrição sem prescrição.
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