Teste de broncoprovocação na prática clínica
Palavras-chave:
Testes de provocação brônquica, Asma, Broncoconstrição, Diagnóstico, Hipersensibilidade respiratóriaResumo
Hiperresponsividade brônquica, caracterizada por uma resposta exagerada das vias aéreas a um estímulo broncoconstritor, é uma das principais características da asma, presente em praticamente todos pacientes asmáticos. A hiperresponsividade brônquica pode estar presente também em outras doenças, como rinite alérgica, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, fibrose cística, insuficiência cardíaca, infecção respiratória e com o uso de algumas medicações, como β-bloqueadores. Os testes de broncoprovocação são utilizados para determinação da responsividade brônquica, e têm sido cada vez mais utilizados nos últimos 20 anos com o desenvolvimento e validação de testes acurados, seguros e reprodutíveis e com a publicação de protocolos bem detalhados. Diversos estímulos podem ser utilizados em um teste de broncoprovocação, sendo classificados em estímulos diretos e indiretos. Existem inúmeras indicações para um teste de broncoprovocação. Nesta revisão, nós discutimos as principais diferenças dos estímulos diretos e indiretos e o uso desses testes na prática clínica, especialmente para a confirmação de asma, broncoconstrição induzida por exercício, tosse variante de asma e em atletas de elite.
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