HTLV-I infection and adult T-cell leukemia in Brazil: an overview
Palavras-chave:
Adult T-cell leukemia, HTLV-I infectionResumo
Desde o descobrimento e caracterização do vírus linfotrópico de célula T-humana do tipo I (HTLV-I) e a sua associação com linfoma do tipo T e mielopatia espastica, muito avanços foram alcançados quanto aos aspectos filogenéticos e patogenicos desta infecção retroviral. A infecção pelo HTLV -I pode ser causodora de outras doenças como uveite, artropatia, dermatite infecciosa, alem da leucemia/linfoma de celulas T do adulto (ATL) e da paraparesia espastica tropical associada ao HTLV-I (HAM/TSP). Os modos de transmissão da infecção são semelhantes ao demais retrovirus, porem diferentes grupos etnicos tem sido considerados como de maior incidencia de infecção e doenças associadas. Estudos sorológicos e moleculares vem sido realizados em diversos países do mundo em busca de co- fatores responsaveis pela eficiencia da transmissão de infecção em diferentes faixas etárias e em grupos etnicos distintos. Baseados no perfil demográfico do Brazil e nos resultados dos trabalhos cientificos realizados sobre HTLV-I/II e descritos na literatura nos sumarizamos nesta revisão, os dados soroepidemiológicos registrados nos bancos de sangue de diversos Estados brasileiros bem como a incidencia de ATL em relação a area georafica do Brazil afetada pela infecção. Os casos de ATL já estudados no Brasil, tem as mesmas caracteristicas clinicopatológicas dos casos descritos na literatura internacional. No entanto, o perfil demográfico dos casos brasileiros se caracteriza por idade mais jovem. Com o ojetivo de proporcionar um registro de casos de ATL, foi criado o Grupo Brasileiro para estudo de ATL. Os resultados dos estudos deste grupo poderão fornecer uma melhor avaliação da patogenese da ATL e dos mecanismos de transmissão do HTLV-I no Brasil.
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