Análise das mutações do gene HFE e dos alelos HLA-A em pacientes brasileiros com sobrecarga de ferro
Palavras-chave:
Ferritina, Sobrecarga de ferro, Hemocromatose, Doenças do metabolismo do ferro, Doenças genéticas inatasResumo
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Hemocromatose é um distúrbio hereditário comum do metabolismo do ferro e uma das causas mais importantes de sobrecarga de ferro. O objetivo foi analisar a presença das muta- ções C282Y, H63D e S65C no gene HFE e dos alelos HLA-A em um grupo de pacientes brasileiros com sobrecarga de ferro e correlacionar o genótipo com variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo, na Disciplina de Hematologia e Oncologia. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 35 pacientes com sobrecarga de ferro atendidos em nosso ambulatório entre ja- neiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2003. Ferro sérico, ferritina sérica e capacidade total de ligação de ferro foram determinados por técnicas convencionais. As mutações C282Y, H63D e S65C do gene HFE e a determinação dos alelos HLA-A foram realizadas por reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR). RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis dos 35 pacientes (74%) apresentavam pelo menos uma das mutações anali- sadas do gene HFE. Entre esses, cinco (14%) com genótipo C282Y/C282Y, 4 (11%) C282Y/H63D, 1 (3%) H63D/H63D, 6 (17%) C282Y/WT e 10 (29%) H63D/WT. Não foi encontrado nenhum paciente com a mutação S65C e 9 (26%) pacientes não apresentavam nenhuma das três mutações do gene HFE. Quatro dos 5 pacientes com genótipo C282Y/C282Y (80%) e 3 dos 4 pacientes C282Y/H63D (75%) eram HLA A*03. CONCLUSÃO: Análise das mutações do gene HFE constitui um importante procedimento na identificação de pacientes com hemocromatose hereditária, particularmente em pacientes com sobrecarga de ferro.
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