Impacto do tratamento da vaginose bacteriana sobre a prematuridade em grávidas Brasileiras
um estudo tipo coorte retrospectivo
Palavras-chave:
Vaginose bacteriana, Gravidez, Prematuro, Assistência perinatal, Complicações na gravidezResumo
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A vaginose bacteriana vem sendo apontada como fator de risco para prematuridade e outras complicações perinatais. Entretanto, a eficácia do seu tratamento na prevenção destas complicações ainda não está esclarecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto do tratamento da vaginose bacteriana durante o pré-natal de baixo risco para a prevenção de prematuridade e outras complicações perinatais. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Coorte retrospectivo observacional, no Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 785 gestantes de baixo risco com resultado da bacterioscopia de secreção vaginal. Foram identificados três grupos de mulheres: 580 sem vaginose bacteriana durante a gestação, 134 com vaginose bacteriana tratada com imidazólicos (metronidazol, tinidazol, ou secnidazol) durante a gestação, e 71 com vaginose bacteriana não tratada durante a gestação. O diagnóstico de vaginose bacteriana foi realizado utilizando os critérios de Nugent na bacterioscopia vaginal da primeira consulta. RESULTADOS: O parto prematuro ocorreu em 5,5% do grupo de mulheres sem vaginose bacteriana, 22,5% do grupo com vaginose bacteriana não tratada, e 3,7% do grupo com vaginose bacteriana tratada. A razão de risco para as complicações perinatais no grupo com vaginose bacteriana não tratada durante a gestação foi: 7,5 (intervalo de confiança, IC, de 95%: 1,9-34,9) para rotura prematura de membranas no pré-termo, 3,4 (IC de 95%: 1,4-8,1) para trabalho de parto prematuro, 6,0 (IC de 95%: 1,9-19,7) para parto prematuro e 4,2 (IC de 95%: 1,2-14,3) para baixo peso ao nascer. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento da vaginose bacteriana reduziu significativamente os índices de prematuridade e outras complicações perinatais entre as gestantes de baixo risco, independentemente da história prévia de parto prematuro.
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