Cateteres venosos totalmente implantáveis para quimioterapia
experiência em 500 pacientes
Palavras-chave:
Infecção, Trombose, Cateterismo venoso central, Cateterismo, QuimioterapiaResumo
CONTEXTO: Os dispositivos totalmente implantáveis vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados para quimioterapia de pacientes oncológicos, porém poucos são os estudos em nosso meio que analisam os resultados obtidos com a implantação e utilização desses cateteres. OBJETIVO: Estudar os resultados obtidos com a implantação de cateteres totalmente implantáveis em pacientes submetidos a quimioterapia. TIPO DO ESTUDO: Prospectivo. LOCAL: Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram colocados 519 cateteres totalmente implantáveis em 500 pacientes a serem submetidos a regime de quimioterapia preferencialmente utilizando-se a veia jugular externa direita. Foram avaliadas as complicações precoces, as tardias e a evolução até a retirada do dispositivo, morte ou fim de tratamento. RESULTADOS: A análise prospectiva mostrou duração média dos cateteres de 353 dias. Em 427 (82,2%) cateteres não se observou nenhuma complicação. Entre as complicações precoces, observamos 15 hematomas de trajeto, oito tromboflebites de coto distal de veia jugular externa e uma infecção de bolsa de subcutâneo. Entre as complicações tardias, observamos 43 complicações infecciosas (0,23/1000 dias de uso de cateter), 11 obstruções (0,06/1000 dias de uso de cateter) e 14 tromboses venosas profundas (0,07/1000 dias de uso de cateter). Foram retirados 101 cateteres, 35 devido às complicações e 66 por final de tratamento. 240 pacientes foram a óbito com o cateter funcionante e 178 pacientes ainda o utilizavam para quimioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: As baixas taxas de complicação obtidas nesse estudo confirmam a segurança e conveniência do uso dos acessos totalmente implantáveis em pacientes em regime prolongado de quimioterapia.
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