Secondhand smoking, knowledge/attitudes and socioeconomic status among married Bangladeshi women
a cross-sectional study
Palavras-chave:
Tobacco smoke pollution, Social class, Knowledge, Attitude, BangladeshResumo
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of research on knowledge/attitudes regarding the dangers of exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) among women. The relationship between exposure to SHS, socioeconomic status (SES) and knowledge/attitudes regarding the risks of SHS has often been ignored. We therefore aimed to examine (1) whether SES and exposure to SHS were independently associated with knowledge/attitudes regarding the risks of SHS; and (2) whether women with low SES and exposure to SHS were uniquely disad-vantaged in terms of deficient knowledge and more dismissive attitudes towards the risks of SHS. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in the Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. METHODS: A total of 541 women were interviewed. Knowledge of and attitudes towards the risks of SHS were the outcomes of interest. RESULTS: A majority of the respondents were exposed to SHS at home (49.0%). Only 20.1% had higher levels of knowledge, and only 37.3% had non-dismissive attitudes towards the risks of SHS. Participants in the low SES group and those exposed to SHS had lower odds of higher knowledge and their attitudes towards the risks of SHS were more dismissive. Regarding deficient levels of knowledge and scores indi-cating more dismissive attitudes, women in the low SES group and who were exposed to SHS were not uniquely disadvantaged. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SHS and low SES were independently associated with deficient knowledge and scores indicating more dismissive attitudes. Regarding knowledge/attitudes, the negative effect of exposure to SHS extended across all socioeconomic backgrounds and was not limited to women in either the low or the high SES group.
Downloads
Referências
Kumar S, Preetha G. Health promotion: an effective tool for global health. Indian J Community Med. 2012; 37(1):5-12. PMID: 22529532; doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.94009.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and tobacco use: fact sheet, second hand smoke. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/secondhand_smoke/. Accessed in 2018 (July 18).
Wang Z, May SM, Charoenlap S, et al. Effects of secondhand smoke exposure on asthma morbidity and health care utilization in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115(5):396-401.e2. PMID: 26411971; doi: 10.1016/j. anai.2015.08.005.
Kim JH, Choi JY, Kim NY, et al. Clinical risk factors associated with the development of wheezing in children less than 2 years of age who required hospitalization for viral lower respiratory tract infections. Korean J Pediatr. 2015; 58(7):245-50. PMID: 26300938; doi: 10.3345/ kjp.2015.58.7.245.
Betts KS. Secondhand suspicions: breast cancer and passive smoking. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2007;115(3):A136-43. PMID: 17431470; doi: 10.1289/ehp.115-a136.
Okoli CT, Rayens MK, Wiggins AT, et al. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral symptoms among college students. J Am Coll Health. 2016; 64(2):96-103. PMID: 26503903; doi: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1074240.
Nor Afiah MZ, Suriani I, Rohaiza Aida HF, Muhamad Syahir Asyraf AR. Knowledge, attitude and perceptions on second hand smoke (SHS) exposure among undergraduate students contribute to avoidance of second hand smoke. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences (IJPHCS). 2017;4:1. Available from: http://publichealthmy.org/ejournal/ojs2/index.php/ijphcs/article/download/391/318/. Accessed in 2018 (Jul 20).
Barbouni A, Hadjichristodoulou C, Merakou K, et al. Tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke and cessation counseling among health professions students: Greek data from the global the global health professions student survey (GHPSS). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(1):331-42. PMID: 22470295; doi: 10.3390/ijerph9010331.
Ma GX, Tan Y, Fang CY, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding second hand smoke among Asian Americans. Prev Med. 2005; 41(2):446-53. PMID: 15917040; doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.022.
Torres E, Quiñones de Monegro Z, French L, et al. Tobacco use and exposure to second hand smoke among pregnant women in the Dominican Republic: an exploratory look into attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and practices. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(12):1220-7. PMID: 21908462; doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr193.
Lin P, Huang K, Lu KY, et al. Second-hand smoke exposure and the factors associated with avoidance behavior among the mothers of pre-school children: a school-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10:606. PMID: 20942977; doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-606.
Poornima KS, Parthasarathi Redy P, Shakeel Ajum M, et al. Parental perceptions towards passive smoking: a cross-sectional survey in Vikarabad town, India. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. 2016;45(1):24-31. doi: 10.4038/sljch. v45i1.8081.
Zafar Ullah AN, Huque R, Akter S, et al. Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke at home in Bangladesh: a community survey. BMJ Open. 2013;3(11):e003059. PMID: 24227868; doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2013-003059.
Fischer F, Minnwegan M, Kanelder U, et al. Prevalence and determinants of secondhand smoke exposure among women in Bangladesh, 2011. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(1):58-65. PMID: 25125322; doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu129.
Khan AM. Income inequality in Bangladesh. Paper presented at the 19th Biannual conference “Rethinking Political Economy of Development” of the Bangladesh Economic Association, Institution of Engineers. Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2014. Available from: http://bea-bd.org/site/images/pdf/063.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (Dec 7).
Kurtz ME, Kurtz JC, Contreras D, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of economically disadvantaged women regarding exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Eur J Public Health. 2003;13(2):171-6. PMID: 12803416.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS): Bangladesh report, 2013. New Delhi: WHO-SEARO, 2015. ISBN: 978-92-9022-481-5.
National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International 2015. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014: Key Indicators. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International; 2015. Available from: https://www.k4health.org/sites/default/files/bdhs_2014.pdf. Accessed in 2018 (Dec 7).
Haddad LG, Malak MZ. Smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking among university students in Jordan. Int J Nurs Stud. 2002;39(8):793-802. PMID: 12379297.
Park MS, Kang KJ, Jang SJ, Lee JY, Chang SJ. Evaluating test-retest reliability in patient-reported outcome measures for older people: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;79:58-59. PMID: 29178977; doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.11.003.
Rahman M, Haque MN, Rahman MM, et al. Socio-economic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure at home in the context of mother-child pairs in Bangladesh. Public Health. 2018;161:106-16. PMID: 30015081; doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.04.018.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Human Development Report. International Cooperation at a Crossroads: Aid, trade and security. New York: UNDP; 2005. ISBN 0-19-530511-6.
Jones LL, Atkinson O, Longman J, et al. The motivators and barriers to a smoke-free home among disadvantaged caregivers: identifying the positive levers for change. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(6):479-86. PMID: 21447837; doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr030.
Robinson J, Kirkcaldy AJ. Disadvantaged mothers, young children and smoking in the home: mothers’ use of space within their homes. Health Place. 2007;13(4):894-903. PMID: 17499542; doi: 10.1016/j. healthplace.2007.03.001.
Escoffery C, Kegler MC, Butler S. Formative research on creating smoke-free homes in rural communities. Health Educ Res. 2009;24(1):76-86. PMID: 18222939; doi: 10.1093/her/cym095.
Yousey Y. Family attitudes about tobacco smoke exposure of young children at home. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2007;32(3):178-83. PMID: 17479055; doi: 10.1097/01.NMC.0000269568.17432.72.
Huurre T, Aro H, Rahkonen O. Well-being and health behavior by parental socioeconomic status: a follow-up study of adolescents aged
until age 32 years. Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2003;38(5):249-55. PMID: 12719840; doi: 10.1007/s00127-003-0630-7.
Borrell L, Diez Roux AV, Rose K, et al. Neighborhood characteristics and mortality in the Arteriosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33(2):398-407. PMID: 15082648; doi: 10.1093/ije/ dyh063.
Gharaibeh H, Haddad L, Alzyoud S, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in avoiding second hand smoke exposure among nonsmoking employed women with higher education in Jordan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(11):4207-19. PMID: 22163203; doi: 10.3390/ijerph8114207.
World Health Organization. Country Office for Bangladesh. Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Bangladesh Report 2009. Dhaka, Bangladesh: World Health Organization; 2009. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1075.1526; ISBN: 978-92-9-22-372-3.
Cai L, Wu X, Goyal A, et al. Patterns and socioeconomic influences of tobacco exposure in tobacco cultivating rural areas of Yunnan Province. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):842. PMID: 23035644; doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-842.
Acharya DR, Bell JS, Simkhada P, van Teijlingen ER, Regmi PR. Women’s autonomy in household decision-making: a demographic study in Nepal. Reprod Health. 2010;7:15. PMID: 20630107; doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-7-15.
Blake KD, Viswanath K, Blendon RJ, et al. The role of tobacco-specific media exposure, knowledge, and smoking status on selected attitudes toward tobacco control. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(2):117-26. PMID: 20018944; doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntp184.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
