Relação entre doença periodontal e fatores de risco cardiovascular em brasileiros jovens e de meia-idade. Estudo transversal
Palavras-chave:
Obesidade, Periodontite, Doenças periodontais, Estudos transversais, Fatores de riscoResumo
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A literatura sugere que doença periodontal (DP) está associada ao risco cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre doença periodontal (gengivite e periodontite) e fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais (obesidade, hipertensão, dislipidemia, diabetes e síndrome metabólica) em adultos jovens e de meia-idade atendidos em um centro de promoção da saúde e check-up na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal no Centro de Promoção de Saúde e check-up do Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos consecutivamente 539 indivíduos sem doença cardiovascular diagnosticada, observados em um programa de promoção da saúde que incluiu avaliação cardiovascular e odontológica de fevereiro a novembro de 2012. Razões de chances (RC) com respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) para a associação entre DP e fatores de risco cardiovascular foram calculadas por regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: Nesta amostra de pessoas com idade média de 45 anos (desvio padrão, DP ± 8,8), 82% de homens, encontramos 63,2% de casos de DP (50,6% de gengivite e periodontite 12,6%). Indivíduos com DP eram mais velhos, mais obesos (sem DP 15,2%; versus gengivite 22,1% e periodontite 32,4%) e mais diabéticos (sem DP 5,1%; versus gengivite 4,8% e periodontite 13,2%) comparados com aqueles sem DP. De todos os fatores de risco cardiovascular avaliados, a obesidade foi associada à periodontite (RC multivariada, 2,36; IC 95%, 1,23-4,52). No entanto, após ajuste adicional para higiene bucal, esse achado não foi mais significativo (RC multivariada, 1,63; IC 95%, 0,79-3,37). CONCLUSÕES: Não encontramos associações significativas entre fatores de risco cardiovascular e doença periodontal nesta amostra.
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